// Same as anvalid1, but for Within-Country Comparisons (friends,neigbours,own country) version 8 set more off set scheme s1mono capture log close log using anvalid2, replace // Data // ---- use ID cntry year friends neighbours germany_i hungary_i turkey_i using data02, clear label define country 4 "Germany (W)" 3 "Germany (E)" 2 "Hungary" 1 "Turkey" encode cntry, gen(country) label(country) gen own = germany_i if country == 4 | country == 3 replace own = hungary_i if country == 2 replace own = turkey_i if country == 1 label var own "Own Country" label var friends "Friends" label var neighbours "Neighbors" // Individual Mode graph hbox /// friends neighbours own, /// ascategory by(country, cols(1) note("") ) yline(0, lpattern(dot)) /// box(1, bstyle(outline)) medtype(marker) medmarker(ms(o) mcolor(black)) /// marker(1, ms(oh) mcolor(black) ) /// ysize(4.15) xsize(3.15) graph export anvalid2a.eps, replace by cntry, sort: pwcorr friends neighbours own log close exit Figure \ref{anvalid2} displays the distributions of the comparisons with possible reference groups in respondent's own country. From empirical research it is well known, that social attributes are similar between friends and neighbors \citep{feld82,feld84,jackson77,laumann66,lauman73}. Therefore one should not expect large differences between one's own living conditions and the living conditions of friends and neighbors respectively, and figure \ref{anvalid2} indeed shows this pattern. In the same line the differences between the evaluation of one's own living condition and the living condition in one's own country should not be to large on average. In fact, a country's living condition can be seen as the sum of the living conditions of its citizens, so that there should not be a difference at all on average. The empirical distribution, however, displays a slight tendency of the respondents to evaluate their own living condition somewhat better than the living condition in their own country. A result like this can be often found in empirical research, and might be explained with a general tendency of humans to see their-selves above the mean. The correlation between the comparisons with friends and neighbors varies between 0.6 in Hungary and 0.89 in Turkey, suggesting that it will hardly be possible to separate between the effects of both of them. We therefore make separate analyses.